Methods of temporarily coloring the hair with compositions which contain a polymer and a metal containing pigment

ABSTRACT

A hair treatment composition for temporarily coloring the hair is disclosed. A polymer having repeating units of 
     
         {--CH.sub.2 (CH.sub.3)C CO.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.2 N.sup.+ (CH.sub.3).sub.3 
    
      X -  !--} n  ; 
     wherein n has a value of about 25 to 1,000 and X is an anion, and a metal containing pigment are combined. The resultant product is applied to the hair to effect temporary coloring of the hair.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention deals with hair care products. In particular, thepresent invention deals with hair care products employed to color thehair, and particularly products to temporarily color the hair.

2. Description of the Art Practices

Various products are known for use in permanently coloring the hair. Amajor problem in coloring of the hair is that the user of the productoften does not care for the color after it has been applied. The use ofpermanent hair colors may also prevent the user from wearing certainitems of the wardrobe which conflict with the newly selected and appliedhair color. When the prospective user of the hair color merely wants todetermine how the hair color will appear, the use of a permanent productis not desirable.

The reader is directed to the following references for the generaldiscussion of hair care products. U.S. Pat. No. 4,992,077 issued Feb.12, 1991 to Tennigkeit, et. al., discusses the use of oxidative dyes ina creme or gel form. Tennigkeit, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,006,127, issued Apr.9, 1991 further discusses oxidative dyes in creme or gel form.

Bartuska, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,183,366 issued Jan. 15, 1980, discusseshenna-based hair coloring and/or hair conditioning compositions. Thecompositions of Bartuska are stated to contain non-ionic surface activeagents, water soluble polymers, and quaternary salts.

Andrean, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,205,837, issued Apr. 27, 1993, describespowder form products containing at least one synthetic melanotic pigmentformed in situ by oxidation of an indole compound. The Andrean productsare stated to be for use in dyeing hair.

Gross, et. al., in U.S. Pat. No. 4,938,954, issued Jul. 3, 1990,describes hair wax compositions containing polyethylene glycol, ahydrogenated castor oil which is ethoxylated, glycerol or ethyl hexanediol, and/or a lower molecular weight polyethylene glycol, and water.

Hahn, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,873,079, issued Oct. 10, 1989, describestemporary or semipermanent hair coloring compositions. The compositionsof Hahn are stated to comprise an aqueous vehicle having a hair coloringcomponent. The compositions of Hahn are stated to further include aco-solvent for the hair colorant which is a diol selected from a groupconsisting of aliphatic hydrocarbon diols having from 5 to 8 carbonatoms and bis-(hydroxy-alkyl) cyclo hexanes having from 7 to 14 carbonatoms.

United Kingdom patent application 2 149 806 A to Nakumura, whichpublished Jun. 19, 1985 describes in hair coloring compositionscomprising colored mica, and optionally iron oxide powder, and asilicone oil. The Nakumura United Kingdom patent optionally includes apropellant.

The present invention deals with hair color products which are temporaryin nature yet which provide a natural coloring to the hair. By temporaryit is meant that the color added to the hair will wash out uponshampooing the hair.

To the extent that the foregoing references are applicable to thepresent invention they are herein specifically incorporated byreference. Throughout the specification and claims, percentages andratios are by weight unless otherwise indicated. Temperatures givenherein are degrees Celsius unless otherwise indicated.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention describes a hair treatment composition comprising:

a. a polymer having repeating units of:

    {--CH.sub.2 (CH.sub.3)C CO.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.2 N.sup.+ (CH.sub.3).sub.3 X.sup.- !--}.sub.n ;

and,

b. a metal containing pigment, wherein n has a value of about 25 to1,000 and X is an anion.

The present invention also describes a hair treatment compositioncomprising:

a. a polymer having repeating units of:

    {--CH.sub.2 (CH.sub.3)C CO.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.2 N.sup.+ (CH.sub.3).sub.3 Cl.sup.- !--}.sub.n ;

and,

b. a metal oxide coated mica where the metal source is a member selectedfrom the group consisting of iron and titanium provided further that themetal oxide coated mica has a mean particle size distribution of about 5to about 100 microns,

c. cyclomethicone; and,

d. water; and, provided further n has a value of about 25 to 1,000.

The present invention also describes a method of treating hair totemporarily color the hair including the steps of contacting the hairwith a composition:

a. a polymer having repeating units of:

    {--CH.sub.2 (CH.sub.3)C CO.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.2 N.sup.+ (CH.sub.3).sub.3 X.sup.- !--}.sub.n ;

and,

b. a metal containing pigment, and water, for a time sufficient toimpart a color to the hair, provided further that n has a value of about25 to 1,000 and X is an anion.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The first component to be discussed in the present invention is apolymer component. The polymer component is particularly important tothe present invention in that it allows suspension of the metalcontaining pigment.

The use of the particular polymer in the present invention is highlyadvantageous in that it avoids pilling upon application of the hairtreatment composition onto the hair. Pilling is the phenomena analogousto the fuzzy balls found on cotton or woolen sweaters. The avoidance ofpills (agglomerates) is particularly important to the present invention.

The polymer of the present invention has the formula as shown in theSummary of the Invention. The polymer is obtained from Allied Colloids,Inc., Post Office Box 820, 2301 Wilroy Road, Suffolk, Va. The preferredpolymer for use in the present invention is obtained as Salcare SC 96™,a liquid dispersion polymer composition.

The composition of the Salcare SC 96™ product is approximately 44% byweight Polyquaternium 37 polymer. The Polyquaternium 37 polymer is awater swellable polymer and is also referred to as N,N,N-trimethyl-2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl!oxy!ethanaminium chloride homopolymer orN,N,N-trimethyl-2-(methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyloxy! chloride homopolymer. Theremainder of the Salcare SC 96™ polymer composition is described ascomprising a mixture of propylene glycol/dicaprylate/dicaprate 50%,polypropylenglycol-1 trideceth 6 at 6%.

The preferred polymer composition of the present invention at a 3%active weight in water (97%) has a Brookfield viscosity of 100,000. Thepreferred polymer composition supplied at 2% active by weight (98%water) has a viscosity maximum at approximately pH 4.0. The viscosity ofthe preferred polymer composition decreases significantly at pH 2 andbelow. The preferred polymer composition at a 2% active concentration topH 8 decreases in viscosity. The preferred polymer is water-swellableand not water-soluble.

The polymer per se is utilized in the present invention at about 0.5 toabout 5% by weight. Preferably, the polymer per se is employed in thehair coloring compositions of the present invention at about 1% to about4% by weight.

The Polyquaternium 37 polymer component, per the structural formula, ispreferred to have a value of about 25 to about 1,000 for n. Thus themolecular weight of the Polyquaternium 37 polymer component is from5,000 to 210,000. A preferred range for the value of n is from 75 to 500corresponding to a molecular weight of about 15,000 to about 105,000.The preferred anion for X is chlorine such that the polymer component isa quaternary material.

The metal containing pigment of the present invention is typically thecomponent which provides the color to the hair. The metal containingpigment typically contains titanium dioxide or iron oxide. The metalcontaining pigment is preferably deposited (coated) on mica. Suitabletitanium dioxide and iron oxide treated mica products are obtainablefrom the EM Pigment Division of Rona. Rona is located at 5 Skyline DriveHawthorne, N.Y. The particle size range for the metal oxide coated micacomponent is conveniently from about 5 microns to about 150 microns.Preferably, the mean particle size distribution of the metal oxidecoated mica component is from about 25 to about 50 microns. Thecomposition of a typical iron oxide coated mica is about 55 to 59% micaand about 41 to 45% iron oxide. The product has a bulk density asmeasured by a Scott Volumeter of 2.5 to 3.0 grams per cubic inch. The pHof a 10% aqueous suspension of the iron oxide coated mica is from 3 to6. The product is observed to absorb linseed oil at about 75 g per 100 gof pigment.

A typical mica and titanium dioxide/iron oxide product is from 51 to 61%mica, 34 to 40% titanium dioxide, and 5 to 9% iron oxide. The bulkdensity of the above product is from 3.0 to 3.5 grams per cubic inch.The pH of a 10% aqueous suspension of the product is about 8.

PRODUCT PREPARATION

The product is prepared by combining the various ingredients in asuitable mixing vat. Water is added to the vat and stirring isinitiated. The cyclomethicone is added to the water followed by the micacomponent. The mixing is continued for about one half hour. The SalcareSC 96™ polymer composition is then added to the aqueous mixture and thestirring is continued for about 15 minutes. Any remaining ingredients,including preservatives, fragrances and anti microbial materials may beadded at any point in the process where the added ingredient maintainsits intended function and where the added ingredient does not interferewith the remainder of the product.

PRODUCT UTILIZATION

The product is applied to clean hair, preferably following a thoroughcleansing of the hair. For the best results it is suggested that thehair be wet when the product is applied. Suitable surfactants(detergents) for cleaning the hair prior to applying the composition ofthe present invention are described below. The same surfactant materialswill remove the hair coloring thus rendering the use of the producttemporary.

Suitable anionic surfactants are those generally incorporated into ashampoo product. Generally, the anionic surfactant is a water-solublealkyl or alkyl aryl sulfonate having from about 8 to about 22 carbons,preferably from about 12 to about 18 carbons, in the alkyl radical,which may be straight or branched chain, and also includes such classesof compounds ethoxylated with from 1 to 5 mols, preferably 1 to 3 mols,ethylene oxide per molecule. The sulfate or sulfonate group is typicallybase-neutralized to provide an alkali metal, especially sodium orpotassium, ammonium, or mono, di-, or trialkanolium cation.

Illustrative anionic surfactants of the above-named classes include:Sodium cetyl sulfate, sodium myristyl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate,sodium tallow sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, sodium decylbenzenesulfonate, sodium tridecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium C 14 to C 16 olefinsulfonate, sodium C 12 to C 15 alcohol sulfate, sodium lauryl ethersulfate, sodium myristyl ether sulfate, sodium polyoxyethylene (5 molsethylene oxide) lauryl ether sulfate, sodium polyoxyethylene (12 molsethylene oxide) lauryl ether sulfate, sodium nonylphenyl ether sulfate,sodium polyoxyethylene (1 to 4 mols ethylene oxide), C 12 to C 15 alkylether sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate.

Synthetic anionic detergents useful herein include alkyl and alkyl ethersulfates. These materials have the respective formulae ROSO₃ M and RO(C₂H₄ O)_(x) SO₃ M wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of about 10 to about 20carbon atoms, x is 1 to 10, and M is a water-soluble cation such asammonium, sodium, potassium and triethanolamine. The alkyl ethersulfates useful in the present invention are condensation products ofethylene oxide and monohydric alcohols having about 10 to about 20carbon atoms. Preferably, R has 14 to 18 carbon atoms in both the alkyland alkyl ether sulfates. The alcohols can be derived from fats, e.g.,coconut oil or tallow, or can be synthetic. Lauryl alcohol and straightchain alcohols derived from coconut oil are preferred herein. Suchalcohols are reacted with 1 to 10, and especially 3, molar proportionsof ethylene oxide and the resulting mixture of molecular species,having, for example, an average of 3 moles of ethylene oxide per mole ofalcohol, is sulfated and neutralized.

Specific examples of alkyl ether sulfates of the present invention aresodium coconut alkyl triethylene glycol ether sulfate; lithium tallowalkyl triethylene glycol ether sulfate; and sodium tallow alkylhexaoxyethylene sulfate. Highly preferred alkyl ether sulfates are thosecomprising a mixture of individual compounds, said mixture having anaverage alkyl chain length of from about 12 to 16 carbon atoms and anaverage degree of ethoxylation of from about 1 to 4 moles of ethyleneoxide. Such a mixture also comprises from about 0 to 20% by weight C12-13 compounds; from 60 to 100% by weight of C 14-15-16 compounds, fromabout 0 to 20% by weight of C 17-18-19 compounds; from about 3 to 30% byweight of compounds having a degree of ethoxylation of 0; from about 45to 90% by weight of compounds having a degree of ethoxylation of from 1to 4; from about 10 to 25% by weight of compounds having a degree ofethoxylation of from 4 to 8; and from about 0.1 to 15% by weight ofcompounds having a degree of ethoxylation greater than 8.

Other suitable anionic detergents utilizable herein are olefinsulfonates having about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms. The term "olefinsulfonates" is used herein to mean compounds which can be produced bythe sulfonation of an alpha-olefin by means of uncomplexed sulfurtrioxide, followed by neutralization of the acid reaction mixture inconditions such that any sultones which have been formed in the reactionare hydrolyzed to give the corresponding hydroxy-alkane sulfonates. Thesulfur trioxide can be liquid or gaseous, and is usually, but notnecessarily, diluted by inert diluents, for example by liquid SO₂,chlorinated hydrocarbons, etc., when used in the liquid form, or by air,nitrogen, gaseous SO₂, etc., when used in the gaseous form.

The alpha-olefin from which the olefin sulfonates are derived aremono-olefin having 12 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 14 to 16 carbonatoms. Preferably, they are straight chain olefin. Examples of suitable1-olefin include 1-dodecene; 1-tetradecene; 1-hexadecene; 1-octadecene;1-cicosene and 1-tetraeosene.

Additional surfactant materials which may be utilized herein include thefollowing exemplified materials. Long Chain tertiary amine oxidescorresponding to the following general formula:

    R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 NO

wherein R¹ contains an alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxy alkyl radical offrom about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10 ethylene oxidemoieties, and from 0 to 1 glyceryl moiety, and R² and R³ contain from 1to about 3 carbon atoms and from 0 to about 1 hydroxy group, e.g.,methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxy ethyl, or hydroxy propyl radicals. Thearrow in the formula is omitted as it is a conventional representationof a semi-polar bond between the nitrogen and the oxygen.

Examples of amine oxides suitable for use in this invention includedimethyldodecyl-amine oxide, oleyldi(2-hydroxyethyl)amine oxide,dimethyloctylamine oxide, dimethyl-decylamine oxide,dimethyltetradecylamine oxide, 3,6,9-trioxaheptadecyldiethylamine oxide,di(2-hydroxyethyl)-tetradecylamine oxide, 2-dodecoxyethyldimethylamineoxide, 3-dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropyldi(3-hydroxypropyl) amine oxide, anddimethyl-hexadecylamine oxide.

Further additional surfactants include long chain tertiary phosphineoxides corresponding to the following general formula:

    RR'R"PO

wherein R contains an alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxyalkyl radical rangingfrom 8 to 18 carbon atoms in chain length, from 0 to about 10 ethyleneoxide moieties and from 0 to 1 glyceryl moiety and r' and r" are eachalkyl or monohydroxyalkyl groups containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.The arrow in the formula is omitted as it is a conventionalrepresentation of a semi-polar bond between the phosphorus and theoxygen.

The hair coloring formulation is added to the hair, and thoroughlyworked into the hair by the consumer. The level of application of theproduct is such that the polymer, to the weight of the dry hair treatedis about 0.01 to 0.75 grams per gram of hair. Unlike other coloringformulations it is not necessary to rinse the consumer's hair afterapplying the product.

The product is conveniently applied to the hair at room temperature toslightly elevated temperatures, e.g. 18 to 38 degrees Celsius. As theproduct has a viscosity of about 130,000 c.p.s., it will be applied as athick liquid. Thus, the product, is not particularly prone to spillageif dropped by the consumer.

If desired, the new color tint of the hair may be retained by firstapplying the hair coloring composition of the invention and thereafterapplying a fixative hair spray. Suitable fixative hair sprays includePVM MA (polyvinyl methacrylate maleic anhydride copolymer) in SD 40alcohol. The color will be retained longer by the use of a fixative hairspray as the color is then more resistant to brushing out of the haircolor.

OPTIONAL INGREDIENTS

The products described herein can contain a variety of nonessentialoptional components suitable for rendering such compositions moreacceptable. Such conventional optional ingredients are well known tothose skilled in the art, e.g., pearlescent aids such as ethylene glycoldistearate; preservatives such as benzyl alcohol, methyl paraben, propylparaben and imidazolidinyl urea.

Further optional ingredients include conditioning agents such ascationic surfactants. Examples of cationic surfactants include tricetylmethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride,stearyldimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, and di-(partially hydrogenatedtallow) dimethylammonium chloride. The hair coloring compositions of thepresent invention to the hair is compatible with a conditioning agent.

Additional ingredients include thickeners and viscosity modifiers suchas a diethanolamide of a long chain fatty acid (e.g., PEG 3 lauramide)cocomonoethanolamide, amine oxides, block polymers of ethylene oxide andpropylene oxide such as Pluronic F88 offered by BASF Wyandotte, fattyalcohols such as cetearyl alcohol, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate,polyvinyl alcohol, and ethyl alcohol; pH adjusting agents such as citricacid, sodium citrate, succinic acid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide,sodium carbonate, etc., perfumes; dyes; and, sequestering agents such asdisodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate. Such agents generally are usedindividually at a level of from about 0.01% to about 10%, preferablyfrom about 0.5% to about 5.0% by weight of the composition.

What follows is an example of the preparation of the composition of thepresent invention:

EXAMPLE I

The composition of the present invention is prepared by adding deionizedwater to a mixing vat. Mixing is initiated, and cyclomethicone is addedat 0.5 parts by weight. Thereafter, a metal oxide coated mica pigment isadded at 2.5 parts by weight. Mixing is continued until the pigment isfully dispersed with water and the cymethicone, e.g. the mixing iscontinued for about one half hour.

The Salcare SC 96™ polymer composition at 2.5 parts by weight is thenadded to the aqueous mixture and the stirring is continued for about 15minutes.

The entire process is conducted such that the temperature is maintainedat 32 degrees Celsius until the mixing is complete.

The product may also have added a hydantoin preservative at 0.4 parts byweight; tetrasodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate at 0.13 parts byweight; and benzophenone-4 at 0.05 parts. The formulation is at 100parts by the original addition of deionized water.

The products of the present invention have the advantage of temporarilychanging the hair color without chemically damaging the hair in themanner in which bleaching changes the hair. The pilling observed inearlier hair care formulations is avoided.

As the product is temporary in nature it may be utilized for selectivelytreating portions of the hair such as bangs or the temples with out therisk of over doing the treatment area on a permanent basis. As themethod of use of the product utilizes largely inorganic components andsignificantly avoids skin contact there is no need for skin patch testsas with chemical products.

Having described the invention, the following is claimed:
 1. A method oftreating hair to temporarily color the hair on the head including thesteps of shampooing the hair on the head to be colored, leaving saidhair on the head damp, and contacting the damp hair with a compositionconsisting essentially of:a. a polymer having repeating units of:

    {--CH.sub.2 (CH.sub.3)C CO.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.2 N.sup.+ (CH.sub.3).sub.3 Cl.sup.- !--}.sub.n ;

and, b. a metal oxide coated mica where the metal source is a memberselected from the group consisting of iron and titanium provided furtherthat the metal oxide coated mica has a mean particle size distributionof about 5 to about 100 microns, c. cyclomethicone; and, d. water; for atime sufficient to impart color to the hair, provided further n has avalue of about 25 to 1,000.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein n has avalue of about 50 to about
 750. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein themetal containing pigment has a mean particle size distribution of about25 to about 50 microns.
 4. The method of claim 1 wherein n has a valueof about 75 to about
 500. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the metaloxide coated mica is present in the composition at about 0.5 to 9percent by weight.
 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the polymer ispresent in the composition at about 0.5 to about 5 percent by weight. 7.The method of claim 1 wherein the cyclomethicone is present in thecomposition at about 0.1 to 5 percent by weight.
 8. A method of treatinghair to temporarily color the hair on the head including the steps ofshampooing the hair on the head to be colored, leaving said hair on thehead damp, and contacting the damp hair with a composition consistingessentially of:a. a polymer having repeating units of:

    {--CH.sub.2 (CH.sub.3)C CO.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.2 N.sup.+ (CH.sub.3).sub.3 X.sup.- !--}.sub.n ;

and, b. a metal containing pigment wherein said metal containing pigmentis a metal oxide coated mica, and c. water, for a time sufficient toimpart a color to the hair, provided further that n has a value of about25 to 1,000 and X is an anion.
 9. The method of claim 8 wherein X ischlorine.
 10. The method of claim 8 wherein the metal containing pigmenthas a mean particle size distribution of about 5 to about 100 microns.11. The method of claim 8 wherein the metal oxide coated mica has as themetal source a member selected from the group consisting of iron andtitanium, and mixtures thereof.
 12. The method of claim 8 furtherincluding applying the composition to the hair at a pH of about 3 toabout
 8. 13. The method of claim 8 further including the step oftreating the hair with a fixative spray after applying said compositionto the hair.
 14. The method of claim 1 further including the step ofapplying a fixative spray after applying said composition to the hair.